Activation functions are crucial components in neural networks, enabling them to learn complex, non-linear patterns beyond simple linear transformations. They introduce non-linearity, allowing networks to approximate any function, which is essential for tasks like image recognition and language understanding. The evolution of activation functions has moved from ReLU, which helped overcome vanishing gradients, to more sophisticated functions like GELU and SwiGLU, which offer smoother transitions and better gradient flow. SwiGLU, with its gating mechanism, has become the standard in modern language models due to its expressiveness and ability to improve training stability and model performance. Understanding and choosing the right activation function is vital for building effective and stable language models. Why this matters: Activation functions are fundamental to the performance and stability of neural networks, impacting their ability to learn and generalize complex patterns in data.
