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Forensic Evidence Links Solar Open 100B to GLM-4.5 Air
Read Full Article: Forensic Evidence Links Solar Open 100B to GLM-4.5 Air
Technical analysis strongly indicates that Upstage's "Sovereign AI" model, Solar Open 100B, is a derivative of Zhipu AI's GLM-4.5 Air, modified for Korean language capabilities. Evidence includes a 0.989 cosine similarity in transformer layer weights, suggesting direct initialization from GLM-4.5 Air, and the presence of specific code artifacts and architectural features unique to the GLM-4.5 Air lineage. The model's LayerNorm weights also match at a high rate, further supporting the hypothesis that Solar Open 100B is not independently developed but rather an adaptation of the Chinese model. This matters because it challenges claims of originality and highlights issues of intellectual property and transparency in AI development.
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