Deploying 100 reinforcement learning (RL)-controlled autonomous vehicles (AVs) into rush-hour highway traffic has shown promising results in smoothing congestion and reducing fuel consumption. These AVs, trained through data-driven simulations, effectively dampen "stop-and-go" waves, which are common traffic disruptions causing energy inefficiency and increased emissions. The RL agents, operating with basic sensor inputs, adjust driving behavior to maintain flow and safety, achieving up to 20% fuel savings even with a small percentage of AVs on the road. This large-scale experiment demonstrates the potential of AVs to enhance traffic efficiency without requiring extensive infrastructure changes, paving the way for more sustainable and smoother highways. This matters because it offers a scalable solution to reduce traffic congestion and its associated environmental impacts.
