Neo4j
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Scaling to 11M Embeddings: Product Quantization Success
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Handling 11 million embeddings in a large-scale knowledge graph project presented significant challenges in terms of storage, cost, and performance. The Gemini-embeddings-001 model was chosen for its strong semantic representations, but its high dimensionality led to substantial storage requirements. Storing these embeddings in Neo4j resulted in a prohibitive monthly cost of $32,500 due to the high memory footprint. To address this, Product Quantization (PQ), specifically PQ64, was implemented, reducing storage needs by approximately 192 times, bringing the total storage requirement to just 0.704 GB. While there are concerns about retrieval accuracy with such compression, PQ64 maintained a recall@10 of 0.92, with options like PQ128 available for even higher accuracy. This matters because it demonstrates a scalable and cost-effective approach to managing large-scale vector data without significantly compromising performance.
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Multidimensional Knowledge Graphs: Future of RAG
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In 2026, the widespread use of basic vector-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is encountering limitations such as context overload, hallucinations, and shallow reasoning. The advancement towards Multidimensional Knowledge Graphs (KGs) offers a solution by structuring knowledge with rich relationships, hierarchies, and context, enabling deeper reasoning and more precise retrieval. These KGs provide significant production advantages, including improved explainability and reduced hallucinations, while effectively handling complex queries. Mastering the integration of KG-RAG hybrids is becoming a highly sought-after skill for AI professionals, as it enhances retrieval systems and graph databases, making it essential for career advancement in the AI field. This matters because it highlights the evolution of AI technology and the skills needed to stay competitive in the industry.